Madison is a city in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 769 at the 2010 census, down from 987 in 2000. Acc…Madison is a city in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 769 at the 2010 census, down from 987 in 2000. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles, of which 1.7 square miles is land and 0.1 square miles is water.