Some patients seemed to show improvements after the procedure, but others suffered severe cognitive and emotional impairments. The dark history of the lobotomy began in the early 20th century.

Howard Dully, at just 12 years old, was subjected to a lobotomy by Dr. Walter Freeman, an infamous "icepick surgeon." ...

Moniz later claimed he had been thinking about similar methods before the conference ... chimp had inspired him to develop the lobotomy to treat mental illness. Moniz had an idea that some ...