PVD techniques, such as sputtering and thermal evaporation, involve the physical vaporization of a target material and its subsequent condensation onto a substrate to form a thin film. PVD methods ...
Various thin-film deposition tools, including PVD (e-beam & thermal evaporators, DC & RF magnetron (reactive) sputterers) and CVD (APCVD of graphene, Si oxidation, PECVD of SiO2 and SiNx). Available ...