AS the 18th century wore on, the severity of the Penal Laws in Ireland lessened. Where the celebration of Mass became associated with a certain place on a regular basis, some attempt was made to ...

The hedge schools in Ireland were founded under the penal laws in Ireland in the 17th century. No Catholic could teach, no building could serve as a school, under penalty of law. Outlaw teachers ...

The Penal Laws regulated every aspect of Irish life and established Irish Catholics as an oppressed race. Anticipating Judge Roger B. Taney's famous dictum in the Dred Scott decision, on two ...

A proposal to allow the use of Irish in court was contained in the New Decade New Approach deal in January 2020. But it required the repeal of a penal law from 1737 which made it "a criminal ...

A penal law-era piece of British legislation banning the use of Irish in courts has been repealed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Hilary Benn. The Administration of Justice ...

Act (Ireland) 1737," a penal-law era piece of legislation that bans the use of Irish in courts in the North. Whilst the new Identity and Language Act was passed in December 2022, the clause ...

Little England on Sunday has instead decided to conduct a weekly raffle to attract advertising. Join the Irish Independent WhatsApp channel Stay up to date with all the latest news ...

to provide official recognition of the status of the Irish language and to repeal the Penal Law-era Administration of Justice (Language) Act 1737 which forbade the use of Irish in the courts.