Vaccines are one of the most critical medical advancements in human history. This was recently demonstrated with the international coronavirus pandemic. The highly transmissible COVID-19 virus ...

Regardless of their origin and family, viruses have evolved elegant strategies to reach and enter specific target cells where they seize the cellular machinery to express viral genes and assemble ...

A complete introduction to vectors designed for beginners and students. I cover notation, magnitude, direction, operations, and how vectors show up in math and physics. Surfers robbed, murdered in ...

Circumventing the immune response to the vector is a major challenge with all vector types. Viral vectors are the most likely to induce an immune response, especially those, like adenovirus and AAV, ...