Prior research has shown that the first seeds evolved approximately 372 to 359 million years ago, during the Famennian stage—a development that arose from earlier spore-based reproduction. The ...

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The results suggest that the double-winged seeds were all poor flyers – particularly those with symmetrical wings. In fact, almost half them simply plummeted to the ground when the models had a ...

"Data correlating shape and settling across a broad range of natural, mutated, and artificial leaves support the fast-leaf-hypothesis: Deciduous leaves are symmetric and relatively unlobed in part ...

Andrew Dickerson receives funding from the National Science Foundation. When wind or other disturbances detach winged maple seeds called samaras from their parent tree, they spin through the air ...