CSF samples are typically collected through a ... Entering the spinal canal with a needle requires expert knowledge of the spine’s anatomy and a clear understanding of any underlying brain ...

The latest discovery, described today in the journal Science, is a previously unknown component of brain anatomy that acts ... control the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in and around the ...

An EVD allows cerebrospinal fluid to drain from the ventricles to ... we describe the technique for placement of an EVD as well as the relevant anatomy. EVD placement should be avoided in patients ...