David Carpenter, a professor of medieval history at King's College London, was browsing Harvard Law School Library's online collections in December 2023 when he stumbled on something odd: a manuscript ...

The research was presented at the British Association science festival. Iron gall ink, which is made from oak apples, has been in use from the 12th Century, but causes parchment to deteriorate ...

The Israeli Defense Ministry and Haifa-based Rafael Advanced Defense Systems signed a contract on Thursday to expand the production of Iron Dome interceptors, marking the first procurement under a ...

The Morgan’s team of experts examined the manuscript under infrared and ultraviolet light to check for damage and alterations. They determined the piece was written on machine-made wove paper with ...

The manuscript at the Morgan ... They determined the piece was written on machine-made wove paper with iron gall ink that dated to the 19th century. The musical style was consistent with Chopin ...

The manuscript contains a passage from an early ... based "lampblack" ink - rather than the more commonly used "iron-gall ink", derived from oak galls. Lastly, Professor Tether said: "The reason ...

Iron Gall Ink (IGI) was the most widely used writing material until ... technique applied for in situ analysis in the detection of indigo and IGIs on manuscripts. (20) Nevertheless, Raman spectra ...

Fortescue Ltd., the world’s fourth-biggest iron ore miner, will pay $2.8 billion to replace two-thirds of its fleet of haulage trucks and equipment in Western Australia with electric versions ...

and will be marked by "the invisible ink sent between lovers, the iron gall ink used by Chaucer and still hand-made today, the ink replaced with an explosive device for James Bond’s Parker pen i ...

“Both are iron gall ink with very small differences in composition ... “Today this type of work exists only on manuscripts in good [readable] condition in order to make automatic ...