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  1. El Niño - Education

    Jun 5, 2025 · El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Trade winds and atmosphere are also impacted by El Niño.

  2. La Niña - Education

    Dec 9, 2024 · La Niña is considered to be the counterpart to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean. Together, …

  3. What You Need to Know about El Niño - National Geographic …

    Oct 26, 2015 · El Niño isn’t a storm that will hit a specific area at a specific time. Instead, the warmer tropical Pacific waters cause slow-moving, long-lasting changes to global atmospheric …

  4. Upwelling - National Geographic Society

    May 27, 2025 · During El Niño, a weather phenomenon that typically occurs every three to seven years, the Pacific Ocean’s climate changes dramatically. The transition zone between warm …

  5. Understanding Droughts - Education

    Nov 13, 2024 · El Niño is a weather event where the surface water in the Pacific Ocean along the central South American coast rises in temperature. These warmer waters alter storm patterns …

  6. Weather - National Geographic Society

    El Niño Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Meteorology, Oceanography, Geography, Physical Geography El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters …

  7. Ocean Currents - Education

    Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density. Ocean water moves in two directions: …

  8. Earth's Changing Climate - National Geographic Society

    Dec 9, 2024 · The climate change brought by El Niño, which relies on winds and ocean currents, is an example of natural atmospheric changes. Natural climate change can also be affected by …

  9. Climatology - Education | National Geographic Society

    Oct 19, 2023 · The oscillation between the warm El Niño and the cold La Niña phases affect climates around the world. These ocean current patterns result in changes in the normal …

  10. Geography

    Dec 4, 2025 · Climatologists study Earth’s climate system and its impact on Earth’s surface. For example, climatologists make predictions about El Niño, a cyclical weather phenomenon of …