The treatment of cancer has evolved in stages — not unlike the evolution of conflict strategy across history. In the 19th century, warfare was direct and visible. The Battle of Shiloh in 1862 exemplified close-range engagement — opposing forces meeting face to face. Early oncology mirrored this model. The tumour was identified, localized, and surgically removed. Intervention was mechanical and immediate. By 1914, the First World War introduced a new dimension — the use of chemical agents. Confli